Input
The number that goes into a machine.
4β+ 3β7
Output
The number that comes out after the rule is followed.
Rule
The exact instructions a machine uses every time.
Test every row
A guessed rule must work for every example, not just the first one.
Run backward
Undo the last step first. βΓ 4, then + 3β runs backward as ββ 3, then Γ· 4.β
Order matters
βΓ 2, then + 3β usually gives a different answer from β+ 3, then Γ 2.β
Graphs
Each plotted point is an input-output pair. Its horizontal position is the input x, and its vertical position is the output y.
Fractions
A function can make exact decimal or fractional outputs. You may enter either 0.75 or 3/4.
Nonlinear rules
Squaring and absolute value do not change at a constant rate. Compare negative and positive inputs to see their symmetry.
Ambiguity
A few examples may fit several rules. More evidence helps, but a pattern must be stated before it becomes a precise function rule.
Debugging
Run each input through the stated rule. The first row whose output disagrees contains a bug.
x, y, and f(x)
x names the input. y or f(x) names the output. So f(x) = 2x + 1 means βmultiply the input by 2, then add 1.β